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A
major re-examination of political sociology is long overdue, and
this book is a most welcome addition to field of study that is generally
seen as one of sociology's cul-de-sacs. This state of affairs has
come about in no small part because of political sociology's lack
of clearly defined borders as a sub-discipline. It is also the product
of the fact that until recently political sociology was thought
to be limited to the study of voting patterns, or the character
of state and non-state political institutions and their relationship
to the rest of society. Moreover, political sociology, perhaps more
so than other branches of the discipline, has been hamstrung by
sociology's insistence in taking the nation-state as its "natural"
object of study. This book successfully breaks out of this mould
and charts out a new area for political sociology made possible
by the "postmodern turn" in social and cultural thought. Nash's
political sociology is explicitly concerned with "cultural politics"
and the "contestation and transformation of social identities and
structures" (p. 3). Her theoretical reference points are post-structuralist
and post-Marxist thought and upon this she constructs a plausible
model of cultural politics and its importance in transforming contemporary
societies. In addition, the importance of globalization is acknowledged
and accorded central place in re-thinking power and politics. Indeed,
this concern forms the central investigative strand in the book:
the re-configuration of power and politics in contemporary societies
and the tools that political sociology can put at our disposal in
order to understand them.
The
designation "new political sociology" is a curious one, and Nash
offers little justification for describing her approach in this
way. What is new about it would appear to be the embrace of the
"postmodern turn", but there is very little new or recent material
incorporated into the discussion of social movements in Chapter
3, for example. The retention of the state-civil society distinction
which appears at various points in the book points to the survival
of some very old political sociology thinking. Her discussion of
globalization, for example, is undermined by the insistence on talking
about "global civil society" and an "internationalization of the
state". Similarly, the debate on the relationship between the state
and society under conditions of European integration is much richer
and more complex than is allowed for here. In terms of the theoretical
perspectives which inform the work post-Marxist and post-structuralist
writers (many of them non-sociologists) are given prominent treatment,
while key sociological theorists such as Robertson and Albrow are
under-represented in the discussion on globalization. Such a selection
can be explained by the personal choices of the author. What is
more difficult to understand, however, is the absence of any consideration
of the work of the governmentality theorists who could surely make
a major contribution to the debates on the nature of the state,
the relationship between power and politics, and the changing relationships
between the individual, state and society. Contemporary political
sociology is an important book which deserves a wide readership.
It covers many areas of interest to sociologists and non-sociologists
alike, and brings important new insights to bear on key sociological
issues. It offers a thorough examination of the theories which it
utilizes and demonstrates their application to pertinent social
and political issues. If it has one main weakness it is that in
seeking to codify a "new political sociology" it may work to marginalise
equally important strands of political and sociological thinking
to which it does not direct its attention.
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